Financial Market

Monday saw heavy losses to European stocks triggered by continued global gloom, but in early trading today showed signs of recovery after a positive session for Asian stocks. The FTSE 100 index was up 2%, the Dax up 1.8%, and the Cac 40 in Paris up 1.9% in early trading this Tuesday morning.

Asian markets also closed predominantly higher with the Nikkei closing 1.5% up, the Hang Seng up 1.4% and the Sensex in Mumbai up 2.0%. Shanghai’s main index did however fall 4% amid fears that Beijing will take action to slow her economy.

Mondays trading marked a wild session which many believe is a culmination of the several events that have rocked investor’s confidence in the past week. The collapse of respected US investment firm Bear Stearns, with its subsequent sale to another Wall Street player JPMorgan Chase at the rock bottom price of $2 a share, followed by emergency liquidity actions undertaken by the Federal Reserve on a Sunday night, and a continued confidence crisis in worldwide credit markets, together led to major European markets recording huge losses in Mondays trading.

The US stock market however didn’t record such losses thanks to bargain hunters taking advantage of the price tumbles, particularly in blue chip and technology sectors.

Shares in Bear Shares had fallen 84% on Monday to $4.31 whilst those of JPMorgan increased by 10% to $40.31.

“The Fed is treating Bear as if it were a large failed bank,” - S&P Economics.

As a result of the collapse many are predicted a prolonged global financial crisis, branching wider and deeper than previously predicted, marking a stark shift in opinion that could magnify any potential effects on world wide economies.

The action made by the FED on Sunday marked its first weekend move in nearly 30 years, making a quarter point cut and announcing it will lend to the twenty primary dealers that buy Treasury securities directly from it, a move not used since the Great Depression.

Largely responsible for the cut price sale of Bear Stearns, the FED will also finance the deal by providing up to $30 billion to JPMorgan.

Many are also awaiting further news today from the Fed, as they are widely expected to cut its benchmark interest rate by a full percentage point to 2.0% as it battles to restore confidence and boost the economy. With continued point cuts like this it could very much be the case that we will see the dollar as a free currency, the first currency to do so since the yen.

The Federal reserve today cut interest rates by three quarters of a point to take interest rates to 3.5%, 90 minutes before US trading opened. The dramatic cut was drastic action taken by the FED in order to stop markets falling after Europe and Asia recorded record losses on Monday, when US markets were closed.

The cut failed to work however with US markets recording sharp falls when Wall Street opened for Tuesday trading. Throughout the course of Tuesday trading other markets had closed even further down on yesterday, indicating the US would too open down. The FTSE 100 briefly rallied upon news of the FEDs actions after falling 3% early on, only to fall back again later on.

The actions of the FED are a clear indication of its concern, and weren’t meant to meet until next week, making this cut something of a panic move.

The underlying factor is that the real economy has not changed much in the last week, and as such the FED would not have to act now to make a decision on interest rates. What has ushered this move is financial market developments that are threatening to impact the real economy.

In essence if financial markets panic about what is going on in the real economy it can affect the real economy, leading to a nightmare for economy policy makers, which is a feedback mechanism of the markets being spooked by the economy, feeding back into the economy, sending everything into a tail spin.

Therefore the rate cut by the FED is designed to prevent this tail spin, but at the same time destroys confidence.

For mechanical reasons rate cuts will make it easier to borrow money and buy shares, and therefore can be used to prop up stock markets, but when market is determined to fall it is difficult to stop it. This is a similar pattern to drastic rises what a quarter point rise tends not to have an effect on growth, another cut wont solve the current downturn, but this downward phase for many is seen as a correction of the upward phase seen over recent years.

It is hard to steer and control financial markets, and central banks will say it is there doctrine not to control stock markets but to stop the economy going into a spin and if that means further rate cuts then so be it.

The implications of the FEDs cut on the UK are expected to be minimal. The UK are based in sterling and the Bank of England shouldn’t feel any pressure by the Fed to cut UK interest rates accordingly. Central banks are however looking to perceive that they understand and are in control, which in turn does put some pressure on the Bank of England to act, making the expected cut next month even more of a certainty. A FED style out of hours meeting is unlikely though unless further chaos continues in the market.

In terms of the global volatility of markets witnessed over the past two days many do expect a bumpy year although not on the same levels, and as such many experts expect markets to settle down.

But it is important to understand that this market downturn is not like 9/11, this market downturn has an economic underpinning where world markets are trying to adapt their view of the American economy. World markets have been late in understanding the crisis facing the American economy and its decline over the past year. At the moment world markets are correcting itself in a sense, a process which can be messy. The Economy will settle down and markets will learn to live with where the economy will settle down, which in turn will bring an element of stability back.

Global stock markets have tumbled today; with European indexes recording some of the biggest loses in recent years, and worst early January trading since records began on the back of growing fears of recession hitting the US.

Indexes in Europe fell as much as 7% after huge a sell off in Asia leading to the biggest single days trading losses in recent years. The selling started in Sydney where stocks fell 3% recording their 11th straight decline, spurring the way for Asian markets to follow suit.

Hong Kong’s Hang Sang index recorded its biggest fall since 9/11 falling 5.5%, with losses of between 3% and 7% seen in India, China, Britain, France and Germany.

In afternoon trading, the Dow Jones Euro Stoxx 50 was down 5.7 percent. The CAC 40 index in Paris was down 5 percent, having fallen more than 7 percent at one point. The Dax 30 in Frankfurt was down 6.25 percent, and the FTSE 100 in London was down 3.7 percent.

US markets are shut today due to public holiday, but more losses are expected tomorrow after an announcement by President Bush on a $145 billion stimulus package to encourage more consumer spending failed to lift markets on Friday.

Many are of the opinion that the stimulus package plan announced by President Bush may not be enough to prevent a recession, and investors will find it hard to argue that recession will not affect world markets after today’s trading.

“Investors in Asia have been in a state of denial about the possibility of a recession in the United States. But now there’s no debate about it.” - Adrian Mowat, chief strategist for JPMorgan in Asia

And there may be even more losses in Asia still to come, particularly as banks report the fallout from their investments in the United States mortgage market.